The Gastrointestinal Exertional Heat Stroke Paradigm: Pathophysiology, Assessment, Severity, Aetiology and Nutritional Countermeasures
Ogden, Henry B., Child, Robert B., Fallowfield, Joanne L., Delves, Simon K., Westwood, Caroline S. and Layden, Joseph D. (2020) The Gastrointestinal Exertional Heat Stroke Paradigm: Pathophysiology, Assessment, Severity, Aetiology and Nutritional Countermeasures. Nutrients, 12 (2). p. 537. ISSN 2072-6643
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Abstract
Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a life-threatening medical condition involving thermoregulatory failure and is the most severe condition along a continuum of heat related illnesses. Current EHS policy guidance principally advocates a thermoregulatory management approach, despite growing recognition that gastrointestinal (GI) microbial translocation contributes to the pathophysiology. Contemporary research has focussed on understanding the relevance of GI barrier integrity and strategies to maintain it during periods of exertional-heat stress. GI barrier integrity can be assessed non-invasively using a variety of in vivo techniques, including active inert mixed-weight molecular probe recovery tests and passive biomarkers indicative of GI structural integrity loss or microbial translocation. Strenuous exercise is well-characterised to disrupt GI barrier integrity, and aspects of this response correlate with the corresponding magnitude of thermal strain. The aetiology of GI barrier integrity loss following exertional-heat stress is poorly understood, though may directly relate to localised hyperthermia, splanchnic hypoperfusion mediated ischemic injury, and alternations in several neuroendocrine-immune responses. Nutritional countermeasures to maintain GI barrier integrity following exertional-heat stress provide a promising approach to mitigate EHS. The focus of this review is to evaluate: (1) the GI paradigm of exertional heat stroke; (2) techniques to assess GI barrier integrity; (3) typical GI barrier integrity responses to exertional-heat stress; (4) the aetiology of GI barrier integrity loss following exertional-heat stress; and (5) nutritional countermeasures to maintain GI barrier integrity in response to exertional-heat stress.
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Keywords: | Exercise, Sport, Nutrition, Supplement, Gut |
| Depositing User: | Ms Raisa Burton |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Mar 2020 10:47 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Mar 2020 10:47 |
| URI: | https://marjon.repository.guildhe.ac.uk/id/eprint/17537 |
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